超弦理论(第1卷)[英]格林世界图书出版公司【现货实拍 可开发票 下单速发 正版图书】 阿里云 lit azw3 txt pdf caj 下载 在线

　　Recentyearshavebroughtarevivalofwork***tringtheory,whichhasbeenasourceoffascinati***inceitsoriginsnearlytwentyyearsago.Thereseemstobeawidelyperceivedneedforasystematic,pedagogicalexpositionofthepresentstateofknowledgeaboutstringtheory.Wehopethatthisbookwillhelptomeetthisneed.Togiveacomprehensiveaccountofsuchavasttopicasstringtheorywouldscarcelybepossible,evenintwovolumeswiththelengthtowhichthesehavegrown.Indeed,wehavehadtoomitmanyimportantsubjects,whiletreatingothersonlysketchily.Stringfieldtheoryisomittedentirely(thoughthesubjectofchapter11iscloselyrelatedtolight-conestringfieldtheory).Conformalfieldtheoryisnotdevelopedsystematically,thoughmuchofthebackgroundmaterialneededtounderstandrecentpapersonthissubjectispresentedinchapter3andelsewhere.

Preface

1Introduction

1.1Theearlydaysofdualmodels

1.1.1TheVenezianoamplitudeandduality

1.1.2High-energybehavioroftheVenezianomodel

1.1.3Ramificati***oftheVenezianomodel

1.2Dualmodelsofeverything

1.2.1Dualityandthegraviton

1.2.2Unificationinhigherdimensi***

1.2.3Supersymmetry

1.3Stringtheory

1.3.1Themasslesspointparticle

1.3.2Generalizationtostrings

1.3.3C***traintequati***

1.4Stringin***cti***

4.1Splittingofstrings

1.4.2Vertexoperators

1.4.3Useofvertexoperators

1.4.4Evaluationofthescatteringamplitude

1.4.5Themassofthegraviton

1.5Other***ectsofstringtheory

1.5.1GravitationalWardidentities

1.5.2Openstrings

1.5.3Internalsymmetriesofopenstrings

1.5.4RecoveryoftheVenezianoamplitude

1.5.5ComparisonwithQCD

1.5.6Upitarityandgravity

1.6Conclusion

2Freebosonicstrings

2.1Theclassicalbosonicstring

2.1.1Stringactionanditssymmetries

2.1.2ThefreestringinMinkowskispace

2.1.3Classicalcovariantgaugefixingandfieldequati***

2.2Quantization-oldcovariantapproach

2.2.1Commutationrelati***andmodeexpansi***

2.2.2Virasoroalgebraandphysicalstates

2.2.3Vertexoperators

2.3Light-conegaugequantization

2.3.1Light-conegaugeandLorentzalgebra

2.3.2C***tructionoftransversephysicalstates

2.3.3Theno-ghosttheoremandthespectrum-generatingalgebra

2.3.4Analysisofthespectrum

2.3.5Asymptoticformulasforleveldensities

2.4Summary

3Moderncovariantquantization

3.1Covariantpath-integralquantization

3.1.1Fazideev-P0povghosts

3.1.2Complexworld-sheettensorcalculus

3.1.3Quantizatlonoftheghosts3.2.1C***tructionofBRSTcharge

3.2.2CovariantcalculationoftheVirasoroanomaly

3.2.3Virasoro，conformalandgravitationalanomalies

3.2.4Bosonizationofghostcoordinates

3.3Global***ectsofthestringworldsheet

3.4Stringsinbackgroundfields

3.4.1Introductionofabackgroundspa~~e-timemetric

3.4.2Weylinvariance

3.4.3Conformalinvarianceandtheequati***ofmotion

3.4.4String-theoreticcorrecti***togeneralrelativity

3.4.5Inclusionofothermodes

3.4.6Thedilatonexpectationvalueandthestringcouplingc***tant

3.5Summary

4World-sheetsupersymmetryinstringtheory

4.1Theclassicaltheory

4.1.1Globalworld-sheetsupersymmetry

4.1.2Superspace

4.1.3C***traintequati***

4.1.4Boundaryconditi***andmodeexpansi***

4.2Quantization-theoldcovariantapproach

4.2.1Commutationrelati***andmodeexpansi***

4.2.2Super-Virasoroalgebraandphysicalstates

4.2.3Boson-emissionvertexoperators

4.3Light-conegaugequantization

4.3.1Thelight-conegauge

4.3.2No-ghosttheoremandthespectrum-generatingalgebra

4.3.3TheGSOconditi***

4.3.4Locallysupersymmetricformoftheaction

4.3.5Superstringactionanditssymmetries

4.4Moderncovariantquantization

4.4.1Faddeev-Popovghosts

4.4.2BRSTsymmetry

4.4.3CovariantcomputationoftheVirasoroanomaly

4.5Extendedworld-sheetsupersymmetry

4.5.1TheN=2theory

4.5.2TheN=4theory

4.6Summary

4.ASuperYang-Millstheories

5Space-timesupersymmetryinstringtheory

5.1Theclassicaltheory

5.1.1Thesuperparticle

5.1.2Thesupersymmetricstringaction

5.1.3Thelocalfermionicsymmetry

5.1.4TypeIandtypeIIsuperstrings

5.2Quantization

5.2.1Light-conegauge

5.2.2Super-Poincar

5.3.2Closedsuperstrings

5.4Remarksconcerningcovariantquantization

5.5Summary

5.APropertiesofSO(2n)groups

5.BThespin(8)Cliffordalgebra

6Nonabeliangaugesymmetry

6.1Openstrings

6.1.1TheChan-Patonmethod

6.1.2Allowedgaugegroupsand：representati***

6.2Currentalgebraonthestringworldsheet

6.3Het***strings

6.3.1TheSO(32)theory

6.3.2TheEsxEstheory

***Toroidalcompactification

***.1Compactificationonacircle

***.2Fermionization

***.3Bosonizeddescriptionofthehet***string

***.4Vertexoperatorrepresentati***

***.5Formulasforthecocycles

***.6ThefullcurrentMgebra

***.7TheEsandspin(32)/Z2lattices

***.8Thehet***stringspectrum

6.5Summary

6.AElementsofEs

6.BModularforms

7Treeamplitudes

7.1Bosonicopenstrings

7.1.1Thestructureoftreeamplitudes

7.1.2Decouplingofghosts

7.1.3Cyclicsymmetry

7.1.4Examples

7.1.5Tree-levelgaugeinvariance

7.1.6Thetwistoperator

7.2Bosonicclosedstrings

7.2.1C***tructionoftreeamplitudes

7.2.2Examples

7.2.3Relati***hiptoopen-stringtrees

7.3SuperstringsintheRNSformulation

7.3.1Open-stringtreeamplitudesinthebosonicsector

7.3.2TheF1picture

7.3.3Examples

7.3.4Treeamplitudeswithonefermionline

7.3.5Fermion-emissionvertices

7.4Superstringsinthesupersymmetricformulation

7.4.1Masslessparticlevertices

7.4.2Open-stringtrees

7.4.3Closed-stringtrees

7.4.4Het***-stringtrees

7.5Summary

7.ACoherent-statemethodsandcorrelationfuncti***

Bibliography

Index

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