Human Knowledge 人类的知识 阿里云 lit azw3 txt pdf caj 下载 在线

‘The nearest thing to a systematic philosophy written by one who does not believe in systems of philosophy. Its scope is encyclopedic…a joy to read.’ – New York Times

His intelligibility comes of stating things directly as he himself seems them, sharply defined and readily crystallized in the best English philosophical style.’ - The Times Li***ry Supplement

Product De*ion

In this brilliant, provocative and controversial work, Russell questi*** the reliability of our assumpti*** about knowledge – how it is we come to know what we ‘know’ – and investigates the relati***hip between ‘individual’ and ‘scientific’ knowledge.

lNTRODUCTION BYJOHN G．S LATER

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION

PART Ⅰ The World ofScience

1 IndividuaI and Social Knowledge

2 The Universe of Astronomy

3 The World of Physics

4 Biological Evolution

5 The Physiology of Sensation and Volition

6 The Science of Mind

PART Ⅱ Language

1 The Uses of Language

2 Ostensive Definition

3 Proper Names

4 Egocentric Particulars

5 Suspended Reacti***：Knowledge and Belief

6 Sentences

7 External Reference of Ideas and Beliefs

8 Truth：Elementary Forms

9 Logical Words and Falsehood

10 General Knowledge

11 Fact，Belief,Truth，and Knowledge

PART Ⅲ Science and Perception

INTRODUCTION

1 Knowledge oF Facts and Knowledge of Laws

2 Solipsism

1 Probable Inference in Common．sense Practice

4 Physics and Experience

5 Time in Experience

6 Space in Psychology

7 Mind and Matter

PART Ⅳ Scientific Concepts

1 Interpretation

2 Minimum Vocabularies

3 Structure

4 Structure and Minimum Vocabularies

5 Time．Public and Private

6 Space in Classical Physics

7 Space-Time

8 The Principle of Individuation

9 Causal Laws

10 Space—Time and Causality

PART Ⅴ Probability

INTRODUCTION

1 Kinds of Probability

2 Mathematicaf Probability

3 The Finite—Frequency Theory

4 The Mises—Reichenbach Theory

5 Keynes’S Theory of Probability

6 Degrees of Credibility

7 Probability and Induction

PART Ⅵ Postulates ofScientific Inference

1 Kinds oF Knowledge

2 The Role of Induction

3 The Postulate of NaturaI Kinds

4 Knowledge Transcending Experience Causal Lines

6 Structure and Causal Laws

7 In***ction

　……

INDEX

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How do we know what we 'know'? How did we - as individuals and as a society - come to accept certain knowledge as fact? In "Human Knowledge", Bertrand Russell questi*** the reliability of our assumpti*** on knowledge. This brilliant and controversial work investigates the relati***hip between 'individual' and 'scientific' knowledge. First published in 1948, this provocative work contributed significantly to an explosive intellectual discourse that continues to this day.